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The Old Man and the Sea
Published 1952
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Ernest Hemingway was born on
July 21, 1899, in Oak Park,
Illinois, the son of Grace and
Clarence Edmonds Hemingway.
Hemingway first published his
writing in the Oak Park High
School newspaper, and he began
his journalistic apprenticeship
as a teenage reporter for the
Kansas City Star in 1917.
Although his family expected him
to attend college, Hemingway was
drawn instead toward the
excitement of World War I. In
the spring of 1918 he
volunteered with the American
Red Cross as an ambulance driver
on the frontline in Italy; in
July 1918, two weeks shy of his
nineteenth birthday, he was
wounded in battle.
After recovering from his
wounds, and until he was able to
make a living writing fiction,
Hemingway supported himself as a
journalist. He lived in Paris in
the early 1920s and worked as a
foreign correspondent for the
Toronto Star. His first
important work of fiction, a
collection of short stories
entitled In Our Time,
appeared in 1925, followed in
1926 by The Sun Also Rises,
considered a classic novel of
the twentieth century. For the
next three decades, Hemingway
published one best-selling
volume after another, including
A Farewell to Arms, For Whom
the Bell Tolls (1940), and
The Old Man and the Sea.
One of the most famous and
influential novelists in
history, Hemingway is known for
his precise, innovative prose
style and his unique vision of
experience.
Hemingway married Hadley
Richardson in 1921; following
their divorce, he married
Pauline Pfeiffer in 1927. That
marriage also ended in divorce,
and Hemingway married Martha
Gelhorn in 1940, only to divorce
her and marry Mary Welsh in
1945. His macho public
image—hunter, aficionado of
bullfighting, drinker, and
womanizer—made him a celebrity.
The author's persona tended to
overshadow Hemingway's actual
writing, and many readers,
caught up in the superficial and
glamorous aspects of his life
and career, overlooked the
timeless, fundamental values
that anchored his fiction. The
Hemingway code has often been
summed up by the author's own
phrase "grace under pressure,"
yet many observers fail to see
that this "grace" is not only
physical, but moral and
spiritual as well. Much of
Hemingway's important fiction is
value-centered and profoundly
religious.
None of Hemingway's fiction was
written specifically for young
adults. Yet, as with many
classic authors, many of his
works appeal to adults and young
adults alike. Hemingway's short
stories and some of his longer
fiction, especially The Old
Man and the Sea, are taught
in schools around the world, and
young adult editions of The
Old Man and the Sea have
appeared in many languages.
Hemingway received many awards,
including the Pulitzer Prize for
The Old Man and the Sea
in 1953, and the Nobel Prize for
literature in 1954. On July 2,
1961, Hemingway committed
suicide at his home in Ketchum,
Idaho.
OVERVIEW
The Old Man and the Sea
is one of the most popular and
moving works of the twentieth
century. When The Old Man and
the Sea first appeared in
the September 1, 1952, issue of
Life magazine, millions
of people stood in line at
newsstands to purchase a copy;
5,300,000 copies were sold in
two days. The excitement
generated by the novella, rare
for such a serious piece of
literature, can be traced to its
unforgettable portrait of the
old fisherman, Santiago, and its
vivid presentation of the
novella's other principal
presence: the sea.
The Old Man and the Sea
probes basic questions of life
and death, and explores
humankind's relationship with
nature. Free of the
sentimentality that often
characterizes stories dealing
with nature and animals, the
story still carries emotional
impact. Above all, it is an
action story, with the great
noble marlin, the malignant
savage sharks, and the wise,
skillful, and patient old man
holding center stage.
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