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Writing,
Reading, Listening & Speaking:
Ten Steps to a Good Research Paper
To write a good research paper, you must be specific
about your topic, know what you want to say, and say it
effectively. Following these ten steps will help you
write a good research paper.
Step
1.Choose Your Topic.
When
choosing a topic, choose one in which you are
interested, and for which there is enough information.
If your topic is too broad, you will have difficulty
completing your paper. “The Effects of Pollution” is
too broad because there are so many effects of
pollution. “The Effects of Pollution on Geese in the
Northeast Section of Duluth, Minnesota” is too narrow.
You are not likely to find much information that is this
specific. “The Effects of Pollution in Yosemite National
Park” is just about right as a topic.
Step 2.
Locate Information.
Use
information from a variety of reference sources.These
sources include encyclopedias, almanacs, scholarly
journals, books, magazines, and newspapers. Find these
sources in print form, on CD-ROMS, and on the Internet.
Step 3.
Prepare Bibliography Cards.
Prepare
bibliography cards to document the sources of
information you use when writing your paper. Your
library will have style manuals to illustrate how to
prepare bibliography cards for various sources of
information.
Step 4.
Prepare Note Cards.
Use note cards to record notes from each source you use
when writing your paper. Number your note cards to keep
track of them.
Step 5.
Prepare an Outline.
Write
an outline for your paper by organizing your notes from
the note cards into topics, subtopics, details, and
subdetails. Use an organization such as:
I. (topic)
A. (subtopic)
1. (detail)
a. (subdetail)
Step 6. Write A Rough Draft. Use your note cards and
outline to write a rough draft of your paper. As you
write your draft, use numbered footnotes to credit
sources from which you take quotations or major ideas.
Step 7.
Revise Your Rough Draft.
Make
any changes needed to be sure your ideas are clearly
expressed and your writing has accurate spelling and
grammar.
Step 8.
Prepare Your Bibliography.
At the
end of your paper, provide a list of all the sources
you used to gather information for the paper. Your
bibliography cards will provide this information. List
your sources in alphabetical order by the first word on
each of your bibliography cards.
Step 9.
Prepare a Title Page and Table of Contents.
The
title page is the first page of the paper. It should
include the title of your paper, your name, and the date
on which the paper is due. The table of contents is the
second page. It should list the main topics, important
subtopics, and the page on which each is introduced in
your paper.
Step
10. Final Checklist.
Before
handing in your paper, be sure you can answer “Yes” to
each of the following questions.
·
Did I include a title page?
·
Did I include a table of contents?
·
Did I number all pages correctly?
·
Did I provide footnotes for quotations and major sources
of information?
·
Did I include a bibliography?
·
Did I keep a second copy for my files?
Following these ten steps will help you write a good
research paper.
Send your questions
Send your idea
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