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Research Articles:
1-Factors
that Influence Learning Ability
C- Prior
Experience
How well a
person learns a new task may depend heavily on the person’s
previous experience with similar tasks. Just as a response
can transfer from one stimulus to another through the
process of generalization, people can learn new behaviors
more quickly if the behaviors are similar to those they can
already perform. This phenomenon is called positive
transfer. Someone who has learned to drive one car, for
example, will be able to drive other cars, even though the
feel and handling of the cars will differ. In cases of
negative transfer, however, a person’s prior experience can
interfere with learning something new. For instance, after
memorizing one shopping list, it may be more difficult to
memorize a different shopping list.
D-
Intelligence
Psychologists
have long known that people differ individually in their
level of intelligence, and thus in their ability to learn
and understand. Scientists have engaged in heated debates
about the definition and nature of intelligence. In the
1980s American psychologist Howard Gardner proposed that
there are many different forms of intelligence, including
linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, and interpersonal
intelligence. A person may easily learn skills in some
categories but have difficulty learning in others.
E- Learning
and Developmental Disorders
A variety of
disorders can interfere with a person’s ability to learn new
skills and behaviors. Learning and developmental disorders
usually first appear in childhood and often persist into
adulthood. Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) may not be able to sit still long enough to
focus on specific tasks. Children with autism typically have
difficulty speaking, understanding language, and interacting
with people. People with mental retardation, characterized
primarily by very low intelligence, may have trouble
mastering basic living tasks and academic skills. Children
with learning or developmental disorders often receive
special education tailored to their individual needs and
abilities.
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