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Useful Information
About Islam:
Islam, one of the three
major world religions, along with Judaism and Christianity,
that profess monotheism, or the belief in a single God. In
the Arabic language, the word Islam means “surrender”
or “submission”—submission to the will of God. A follower of
Islam is called a Muslim, which in Arabic means “one
who surrenders to God.” The Arabic name for God, Allah,
refers to the same God worshiped by Jews and Christians.
Islam’s central teaching is that there is only one
all-powerful, all-knowing God, and this God created the
universe. This rigorous monotheism, as well as the Islamic
teaching that all Muslims are equal before God, provides the
basis for a collective sense of loyalty to God that
transcends class, race, nationality, and even differences in
religious practice. Thus, all Muslims belong to one
community, the umma, irrespective of their ethnic or
national background.
Within two centuries
after its rise in the 7th century, Islam spread from its
original home in Arabia into Syria, Egypt, North Africa, and
Spain to the west, and into Persia, India, and, by the end
of the 10th century, beyond to the east. In the following
centuries, Islam also spread into Anatolia and the Balkans
to the north, and sub-Saharan Africa to the south. The
Muslim community comprises about 1 billion followers on all
five continents, and Islam is the fastest-growing religion
in the world. The most populous Muslim country is Indonesia,
followed by Pakistan and Bangladesh. Beyond the Middle East,
large numbers of Muslims live in India, Nigeria, the former
republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR),
and China.
One of the reasons for
the growth of the Muslim community has been its openness to
new members. Children born to Muslim parents are
automatically considered Muslim.
At any time, a non-Muslim
can convert to Islam by declaring himself or herself to be a
Muslim. A person’s declaration of faith is sufficient
evidence of conversion to Islam and need not be confirmed by
others or by religious authorities.
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